Assistance to victims of violence in Emergency services from the Forensic Nursing perspective.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze nurses' role in collecting, identifying and preserving traces in Emergency care for victims of violence, from the perspective of these professionals. METHOD: a qualitative study with an exploratory and descriptive approach. It was developed through semi-structured interviews with 21 nurses from hospitals that are part of the intersectoral flow to assist victims of violence from two reference hospitals in this type of care, in a capital city from southern Brazil. Nurses that are members of the multiprofessional team working in the Emergency areas at the respective hospitals were included; in turn, the exclusion criteria corresponded to professionals relocated in Emergency areas during the pandemic. Data analysis was performed according to Thematic Content Analysis. RESULTS: the data were discussed in five categories: 1) Professional qualification; 2) Institutional protocol and materials; 3) The professionals' perceptions; 4) The professionals' actions; and 5) Team structure. CONCLUSION: Nursing professionals' skills in collecting, identifying and preserving traces in Emergency assistance provided to victims of violence need to be better organized, structured and standardized. The presence of Nursing professionals in the care of victims of violence in Emergency services is undeniable, but their importance is still underestimated and their potential contribution to the forensic approach is underused.

Estratégias para promoção do clima ético positivo sob a perspectiva de enfermeiros hospitalares / Strategies to promote a positive ethical climate from the perspective of hospital nurses / Estrategias para promover un clima ético positivo desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros hospitalarios

Objetivo: analisar as estratégias de promoção do clima ético positivo sob a perspectiva de enfermeiros hospitalares. Método: estudo qualitativo e descritivo exploratório, realizado com 182 enfermeiros de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico, laboral e uma pergunta aberta sobre estratégias de promoção do clima ético positivo. A organização dos dados ocorreu no software Atlas TI 8.0, versão 2019, e aplicou-se análise temática dos dados. Recebeu aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição envolvida. Resultados: a macro categoria "Organização do trabalho" elencou itens sobre as relações na equipe, gestão, educação permanente e condições de trabalho. A macro categoria "Dimensão ética do trabalho" se referiu a exigências, valores pessoais e profissionais, expressão e sensibilidade moral. Conclusão: as estratégias de melhores condições de trabalho e organização, bem como o tratamento das questões éticas e relações interpessoais promovem o clima ético positivo.

Objective: to analyze strategies for promoting a positive ethical climate from the perspective of hospital nurses. Method: qualitative and descriptive exploratory study, carried out with 182 nurses from a university hospital in southern Brazil. Data collection occurred through a sociodemographic and employment questionnaire and an open question about strategies for promoting a positive ethical climate. The data was organized using the Atlas TI 8.0 software, version 2019, and thematic analysis of the data was applied. It received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the institution involved. Results: the macro category "Work organization" listed items on team relationships, management, continuing education and working conditions. The macro category "Ethical dimension of work" referred to demands, personal and professional values, expression and moral sensitivity. Conclusion: strategies for better working conditions and organization, as well as the treatment of ethical issues and interpersonal relationships promote a positive ethical climate.

Objetivo: analizar las estrategias para promover un clima ético positivo desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros hospitalarios. Método: estudio cualitativo y descriptivo exploratorio, realizado junto a 182 enfermeros de un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar mediante un cuestionario sociodemográfico y laboral y una pregunta abierta sobre estrategias para promover un clima ético positivo. Los datos se organizaron por medio del software Atlas TI 8.0, versión 2019, y se aplicó análisis temático de los datos. Recibió la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación de la institución involucrada. Resultados: la macro categoría "Organización del trabajo" enumeró ítems sobre las relaciones en el equipo, la gestión, la educación continua y las condiciones de trabajo. La macro categoría "Dimensión ética del trabajo" hacía referencia a exigencias, valores personales y profesionales, expresión y sensibilidad moral. Conclusión: las estrategias para mejores condiciones de trabajo y organización, así como el tratamiento de las cuestiones éticas y las relaciones interpersonales promueven un clima ético positivo.

Development of the Patient Advocacy Scale for Intensive Care Nurses.

Background and Purpose: To describe the process of developing and validating the content of the Patient Advocacy Scale for Nurses in Intensive Care (EAPEnf-UTI). Methods: Methodological research. To achieve the elaboration objective, five stages were developed: (a) definition of the theme, (b) generation of the number of items, (c) determination of the measurement format, (d) validation of face and content, and (e) content adjustment. Results: The instrument elaborated from a survey and integrative literature review, and the measurement format chosen was the 5-point Likert scale. The validation of face and content was performed by expert judges and by pretest. The final instrument had 57 items. Conclusion: EAPEnf-UTI is a pioneering instrument built in the Brazilian context, whose future validation will allow the capturing of situations specific to intensive care units and the professional practice of intensive care nurses.

Existing workloads among managers and healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Meanings in the Amazon context.

INTRODUCTION: The global COVID-19 pandemic has increased the concern and risks of health professionals exposed by acting on the front lines in combating and controlling the spread of the virus. This study aims at analyzing the workloads and their implications for the activities carried out by managers and health workers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. METHOD: This is a qualitative study, of the case study type, that integrates a macro research that deals with the experiences built during the confrontation of the pandemic of COVID-19 in the capital of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, the epicenter of the pandemic in the country. Data production resorted to documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with 56 managers or professionals from the Manaus Health Care Network. The analytical process was supported by the resources of the Atlas.ti 8.0 software and the precepts of Thematic Networks analysis. RESULTS: The thematic network "workloads" brought together three topics related to the experience of psychological, physiological and biological loads. Psychological workloads were strongly present in the work routine, being referred to in a more significant way. The sources that increase them are strongly related to work stress, dealing with suffering and death and excess demand on the service. Physiological loads were related to excessive working hours, staff shortages and activity overload. "Biological burdens" include exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, constant contact with infected individuals, and individual protection as key elements of this set. CONCLUSION: The study showed that both managers and workers have work processes and environments with conditions that tend to generate workloads that harm their health and safety, as well as institutions and patient care. Therefore, there is a need for more effective organizational actions in workers' health surveillance, disease prevention, adequate working conditions, reducing workloads and promoting more resolute and less stressful work environments.

Intensity and frequency of moral distress in mental health nurses in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the intensity and frequency of moral distress in mental health nurses in Brazil. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with 173 nurses from the Psychosocial Care Network in Brazil. The Brazilian Scale of Moral Distress in Nurses, adapted for the context of mental health, was used. For data processing, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used. RESULTS: Mostly moderate levels of intensity and frequency of moral distress (medians between 2.25 - 3.73 and 2.00 - 3.22, respectively) were observed, with emphasis on the factors working conditions and social conflicts. CONCLUSION: The level of moral distress evidenced in mental health nurses in Brazil reflects the dimension and amplitude of the phenomenon in different points of the Psychosocial Care Network. The relevance of discussions on coping strategies for moral distress is highlighted, articulating elements such as sensitivity, resilience, and moral courage, so that ethical deliberation is applied in care and management settings.

Path of fear: Experiences of health professionals in the fight against COVID-19.

This study aimed to understand the expressions of fear in the journeys of health professionals who worked in the confrontation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in the city of Manaus, in the Brazilian Western Amazon. This is an exploratory qualitative study that adopts interpretive description as a method to generate informed knowledge responsive to the needs of the practice. We included 56 participants, comprising 23 health managers and 33 health workers (middle and higher level) of different professional categories. The results revealed three circles of experience: (1) knowledge and professional experience in dealing with the disease (unknown-known-experienced); (2) the growing proximity to death and loss (predicted-witnessed-suffered); and (3) the involvement and proximity to whatever affects the individual, their emotions, and personal transformations in the face of the threat (the collective, the neighbor, and oneself). Our results suggest that health professionals who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic in Manaus experienced insecurity, dread, and fear, illustrating the complexity of developing their activities in the front line of care and management during the different phases of the pandemic. A contribution of the study is precisely that of capturing this complexity, which suggests the impossibility of analyzing fear only in its simple manifestation, or in each circle of experience.

CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE HOSPITAL ETHICAL CLIMATE SURVEY TO BRAZIL.

Background and Purpose: Adapting cross-culturally the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey to Brazilian nurses. Methods: A methodological study comprising translation, back translation, multidisciplinary committee, expert panel, pilot test and validation of the instrument. The validation was carried out with 269 nurses of a university hospital in the South of Brazil. Results: In the validation step, the quadratic weighted Kappa test-retest and the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.15 to 0.74. All factor loadings were higher than 0.4, ranging from 0.445 to 0.859. The Portuguese version of the instrument had a 0.93 Cronbach's alpha and the confirmatory analysis demonstrated the model's suitability with five factors and 26 items validated. Conclusions: The version of the instrument adapted to Brazilian Portuguese was considered valid and reliable in this sample.

Repercussions and Legacy of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Manaus, Brazil: The Health Managers' Perspective.

The present study aimed to know and analyze the repercussions and legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic for the Unified Health System from the perspective of health managers working in Manaus, a city considered the epicenter of the pandemic in Brazil. This qualitative research was designed as the study of a single incorporated case and conducted with 23 Health Care Network managers. The analysis was applied in two thematic coding cycles (values and focused coding methods), with the aid of the ATLAS.ti software. The categories we analyzed covered the lessons learned within the scope of the work process, change in stance, and human values, as well as the coping strategies adopted by individual or team initiatives or by the incorporation of innovations in practices. This study highlighted the importance of strengthening primary health care; of promoting team spirit in the service and establishing partnerships with public and private institutions, of being integrated with the training in complex situations, and of reflecting on human values and appreciation of life. Coping with the pandemic promoted an in-depth reflection about the functioning of the Unified Health System and the individual ways of being.

The organization of healthcare work in the light of ergology: experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the work organization of health professionals when coping with the COVID-19 pandemic in Manaus. METHOD: This is a qualitative case study which adopted ergology as theoretical framework. Data production used document analysis and semi-structured interviews with 33 health workers from the Health Care Network. The resources of the software Atlas.ti 8.0 were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The precepts of Thematic Networks analysis revealed the following categories: "Reordering services and functions"; "Incorporation and management of instruments application"; "Professional experiences and tactics: changing roles, attitudes and relationships". CONCLUSION: It was found that they express a dynamic view of the organizational process, in which the worker, when discussing past standards and comparing his/her knowledge, experiences and values, modifies the environment, flows and conducts as needed, facing the lack of safety, conditions and solidity of the technical bases of work.

Perceptions of nurses regarding the management of snakebite envenomations: Limits and possibilities.

Snakebites can be caused by harmless or venomous snakes and, according to their severity and frequency, can be considered events of medical importance. In health facilities in remote areas, nurses work in the first line of care of patients that are victims of these envenomations. The aim was to discover the perception of nurses regarding the management of snakebites, its limitations and possibilities, with a view to professional empowerment in the context of primary health care. This is exploratory and descriptive research, with a qualitative approach, developed at FMT-HVD in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, in the year 2021. The participants were nurses who work in basic health units in the municipalities of Careiro da Várzea, Ipixuna and Boa Vista do Ramos in the state of Amazonas. For data collection, the focus group strategy was adopted. Thematic content analysis was employed, which was carried out in the stages of pre-analysis; exploration or coding of the material; treatment of the results, inference and interpretation. After processing the data obtained, four topics emerged from the coding: Topic 1 - limitations in the primary care. Topic 2 - the need for infrastructure and personnel. Topic 3 - the need for continuing education. Topic 4 - the perception of training regarding the management of snakebite envenomations. The results showed a lack of antivenom in the healthcare units where nurses work. Another aspect highlighted by the nurses is the absence of a doctor in situ to perform the primary care or out of hours care in the units. The nurses' perceptions regarding the management of snakebite envenomations revealed the existence of failures in relation to the subject, such as the lack of antivenom, poor infrastructure in the units and the lack of a doctor, which must be solved, since the nurses are the most active professionals in primary health care, in addition to the high incidence of snakebite envenomations in the Brazilian Amazon.

Perspectives on snakebite envenoming care needs across different sociocultural contexts and health systems: A comparative qualitative analysis among US and Brazilian health providers.

With the advancements in therapeutics and available treatment options, almost all deaths and permanent disabilities from snakebite envenoming (SBE) are preventable. The challenge lies in implementing these evidence-based treatments and practices across different settings and populations. This study aims to compare data on provider perceptions of SBE care across health systems and cultural contexts to inform potential implementation science approaches. We hypothesize different health systems and cultural contexts will influence specific perceived needs to provide adequate snakebite care within central tenets of care delivery (e.g., cost, access, human resources). We previously conducted exploratory descriptive studies in the US and Brazil in order to understand the experience, knowledge, and perceptions of health professionals treating SBE. In the US, in-depth interviews were performed with emergency physicians from January 2020 to March 2020. In BR, focus group discussions were conducted with health professionals from community health centers at the end of June 2021. The focus group discussions (BR) were originally analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis approach. We conducted a secondary qualitative analysis in which this codebook was then applied to the interviews (US) in a deductive content analysis. The analysis concluded in August 2022. Brazil participants were physicians (n=5) or nurses (n=20) from three municipalities in the State of Amazonas with an average of three years of professional experience. US participants were emergency physicians (n=16) with an average of 15 years of professional experience. Four main themes emerged: 1) barriers to adequate care on the patient and/or community side and 2) on the health system side, 3) perceived considerations for how to address SBE, and 4) identified needs for improving care. There were 25 subthemes within the four themes. These subthemes were largely the same across the Brazil and US data, but the rationale and content within each shared subtheme varied significantly. For example, the subtheme "role of health professionals in improving care" extended across Brazil and the US. Brazil emphasized the need for task-shifting and -sharing amongst health care disciplines, whereas the US suggested specialized approaches geared toward increasing access to toxicologists and other referral resources. Despite similar core barriers to adequate snakebite envenoming care and factors to consider when trying to improve care delivery, health professionals in different health systems and sociocultural contexts identified different needs. Accounting for, and understanding, these differences is crucial to the success of initiatives intended to strengthen snakebite envenoming care. Implementation science efforts, with explicit health professional input, should be applied to develop new and/or adapt existing evidence-based treatments and practices for SBE.

Adaptation and Validation of a Moral Distress Instrument in Mental Health Nurses.

Background and Purpose: To adapt and validate the Brazilian Scale of Moral Distress in Nurses for the mental health field. Methods: A cross-sectional methodological study was carried out, adapted with the contribution of 34 specialists, and validated by 173 mental health nurses. Results: The validated scale consists of 37 items divided into seven factors, and they were responsible for 77.2% of variance-working conditions, advocacy for the values and rights, professional safety and autonomy, ethical violations, social conflicts, ethical-professional competence, and conflicts with the management, with Cronbach's alpha at .972 for the entire instrument, and ranging from .852 to .949 for the constructs. Conclusion: The results provide evidence that the adapted instrument is reliable, valid, and consistent in measuring moral distress in mental health nurses.

Validação de tecnologia educativa para prevenção da doença do pé relacionada ao diabetes / Validación de tecnología educativa para la prevención de enfermedades del pie relacionadas con la diabetes / Educational technology validity to prevent diabetes-related foot disease

Resumo Objetivo validar o conteúdo da Tecnologia Educativa (OUVIR, VER, FAZER) para prevenção de alterações nos pés de pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus. Método pesquisa metodológica para a validação de conteúdo. Juízes selecionados na Plataforma Lattes/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico com a expressão pé diabético e incluindo filtros de busca avançada, resultando em 51 potenciais juízes, dos quais obteve-se o retorno de 32 juízes. Os resultados foram analisados quanto a Taxa de Concordância do Comitê (TCC) e Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) dos seus subitens. Resultados todos os itens da tecnologia educativa atingiram os índices previamente estabelecidos com a concordância dos experts sobre o conteúdo avaliado (TCC) que foi superior a 96% em cada um dos itens e o IVC foi superior a 0,90 em cada um dos subitens. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a Tecnologia Educativa OUVIR, VER, FAZER atendeu aos critérios previamente estabelecidos de validação de conteúdo e foi considerada pelos juízes como tendo a composição adequada dos itens, além de seus subitens terem clareza e serem relevantes. a Tecnologia validada disponibiliza um material para prevenção do pé diabético usando estratégias inovadoras que estimulam as pessoas de forma auditiva, visual e cinestésica.

Resumen Objetivo validar el contenido de la Tecnología Educativa (ESCUCHAR, VER, HACER) para prevenir alteraciones en los pies de personas con Diabetes Mellitus. Método investigación metodológica para la validación de contenido. Jueces seleccionados en la Plataforma Lattes/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico con la expresión pie diabético e incluyendo filtros de búsqueda avanzada, resultando en 51 jueces potenciales, de los cuales se obtuvo la retroalimentación de 32 jueces. Los resultados fueron analizados en relación con el Tasa de cumplimiento del comité (TCC) y al Índice de Validez de Contenido (CVI) de sus subelementos. Resultados todos los elementos de tecnología educativa alcanzaron los índices previamente establecidos con la concordancia de los expertos sobre el contenido evaluado (TCC), el cual fue superior al 96% en cada uno de los elementos y el CVI fue superior a 0,90 en cada uno de los subelementos Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la Tecnología Educativa ESCUCHA, VE, HACE cumplió con los criterios de validación de contenido previamente establecidos y fue considerada por los jueces con la composición adecuada de elementos, además de que sus subelementos son claros y pertinentes. La tecnología validada proporciona material para la prevención del pie diabético utilizando estrategias innovadoras que estimulan a las personas de forma auditiva, visual y cinestésica.

Abstract Objective to validate the content of the Educational Technology (LISTEN, SEE, DO) for the prevention of foot alterations in people with Diabetes Mellitus. Method methodological research for content validation. Judges were selected from the Lattes/Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Platform using the expression "diabetic foot" and including advanced search filters, resulting in 51 potential judges, of which 32 judges responded. The results were analyzed in relation to the Committee's Concordance Rate (CCR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI) of its sub-items. Results all items of the educational technology reached the previously established indices with experts' agreement on the evaluated content (CCR) being higher than 96% in each item, and the CVI being higher than 0.90 in each sub-item. Conclusion and implications for practice the Educational Technology LISTEN, SEE, DO met the previously established criteria for content validation and was considered by judges to have appropriate item composition, with clear and relevant sub-items. The validated technology provides material for preventing diabetic foot using innovative strategies that stimulate people in an auditory, visual, and kinesthetic way.

Intensity and frequency of moral distress in mental health nurses in Brazil / Intensidad y frecuencia del sufrimiento moral en enfermeros de salud mental en Brasil / Intensidade e frequência de distresse moral em enfermeiros de saúde mental no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the intensity and frequency of moral distress in mental health nurses in Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional study with 173 nurses from the Psychosocial Care Network in Brazil. The Brazilian Scale of Moral Distress in Nurses, adapted for the context of mental health, was used. For data processing, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used. Results: Mostly moderate levels of intensity and frequency of moral distress (medians between 2.25 - 3.73 and 2.00 - 3.22, respectively) were observed, with emphasis on the factors working conditions and social conflicts. Conclusion: The level of moral distress evidenced in mental health nurses in Brazil reflects the dimension and amplitude of the phenomenon in different points of the Psychosocial Care Network. The relevance of discussions on coping strategies for moral distress is highlighted, articulating elements such as sensitivity, resilience, and moral courage, so that ethical deliberation is applied in care and management settings.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la intensidad y frecuencia del sufrimiento moral en enfermeros de salud mental en Brasil. Método: Estudio transversal con 173 enfermeros de la Red de Atención Psicosocial del territorio brasileño. Se utilizó la Escala Brasileña de Sufrimiento Moral en Enfermeros adaptada para el contexto de la salud mental. Se utilizó análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial para el procesamiento de datos. Resultados: Se observó, en su mayoría, niveles moderados de intensidad y frecuencia de sufrimiento moral (medianas entre 2,25 - 3,73 y 2,00 - 3,22, respectivamente), con énfasis en los factores condiciones de trabajo y conflictos sociales. Conclusión: El nivel de sufrimiento moral evidenciado en enfermeros de salud mental en Brasil refleja la dimensión y amplitud del fenómeno en los diferentes puntos de la Red de Atención Psicosocial. Se destaca la relevancia de las discusiones sobre estrategias de enfrentamiento del sufrimiento moral, articulando elementos como la sensibilidad, la resiliencia y el coraje moral, para que la deliberación ética sea aplicada en contextos de cuidado y gestión.

RESUMO Objective: To assess the intensity and frequency of moral distress in mental health nurses in Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional study with 173 nurses from the Psychosocial Care Network in Brazil. The Brazilian Scale of Moral Distress in Nurses, adapted for the context of mental health, was used. For data processing, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used. Results: Mostly moderate levels of intensity and frequency of moral distress (medians between 2.25 - 3.73 and 2.00 - 3.22, respectively) were observed, with emphasis on the factors working conditions and social conflicts. Conclusion: The level of moral distress evidenced in mental health nurses in Brazil reflects the dimension and amplitude of the phenomenon in different points of the Psychosocial Care Network. The relevance of discussions on coping strategies for moral distress is highlighted, articulating elements such as sensitivity, resilience, and moral courage, so that ethical deliberation is applied in care and management settings.

Concepções e contribuições de trabalhadores de saúde sobre ambiente de trabalho saudável / Concepciones y contribuciones de trabajadores de la salud sobre ambientes de trabajo saludables / Health workers' conceptions and contributions regarding healthy work environments

Objetivo: discutir concepções e contribuições de trabalhadores de uma instituição hospitalar, acerca de ambientes de trabalho saudáveis. Método: estudo exploratório descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, que entrevistou 21 trabalhadores do Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional e Segurança do Trabalho e da Comissão Interna de Prevenção de Acidentes de um hospital público de grande porte da região Norte do país. Os dados foram analisados pela Análise de Conteúdo Focal apoiada por recursos do software ATLAS.ti, 9.0. Resultados: quatro categorias foram geradas: condições necessárias: materiais e pessoal; desafios a superar: gestão, reconhecimento, desgaste e acolhimento; sugestões e ferramentas; concepções para um ambiente de trabalho saudável. As contribuições apreendidas na análise indicam componentes que se referem ao bem-estar ao trabalhar, efetiva proteção e controle de riscos, e relações interpessoais positivas. Considerações finais: os trabalhadores de saúde expressam fragilidades e necessidades que podem contribuir para a compreensão, intervenções e melhorias dos ambientes do trabalho.

Objetivo: debatir concepciones y contribuciones de trabajadores de una institución hospitalaria sobre ambientes de trabajo saludables. Método: estudio cualitativo en el que se entrevistó a 21 trabajadores del Servicio de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo y de la Comisión Interna de Prevención de Accidentes de un hospital público de gran porte de la región norte del país. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido focal compatible con características del software ATLAS.ti, 9.0. Resultados: se generaron cuatro categorías: Condiciones necesarias: materiales y personal; Retos a superar: gestión, reconocimiento, desgaste y aceptación; Sugerencias y herramientas; y (Concepciones) para ambientes de trabajo saludables. Los aportes derivados del análisis señalan componentes que se refieren al bienestar en el trabajo, protección y control de riesgos efectivos, y relaciones interpersonales positivas. Consideraciones finales: los trabajadores de la salud expresan debilidades y necesidades que pueden contribuir a la comprensión, intervenciones y mejoras en los ambientes de trabajo.

Objective to discuss conceptions and contributions of hospital workers about healthy work environments. Method: a qualitative study that interviewed 21 workers from the Occupational Health and Safety Service and the Internal Accident Prevention Commission from a large-sized public hospital in the northern region of the country. The data were analyzed by means of Focal Content Analysis supported by ATLAS.ti, 9.0 software features. Results: four categories were generated: Necessary conditions: materials and personnel; Challenges to overcome: management, recognition, attrition and acceptance; Suggestions and tools; and (Conceptions) for healthy working environments. The contributions seized in the analysis indicate components that refer to well-being at work, effective protection and risk control, and positive interpersonal relationships. Final considerations: health workers express weaknesses and needs that can contribute to understanding, interventions and improvements in work environments.

The organization of healthcare work in the light of ergology: experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic / La organización del trabajo en salud a la luz de la ergología: experiencias en la pandemia de COVID-19 / A organização do trabalho em saúde à luz da ergologia: experiências na pandemia da COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the work organization of health professionals when coping with the COVID-19 pandemic in Manaus. Method: This is a qualitative case study which adopted ergology as theoretical framework. Data production used document analysis and semi-structured interviews with 33 health workers from the Health Care Network. The resources of the software Atlas.ti 8.0 were used for data analysis. Results: The precepts of Thematic Networks analysis revealed the following categories: "Reordering services and functions"; "Incorporation and management of instruments application"; "Professional experiences and tactics: changing roles, attitudes and relationships". Conclusion: It was found that they express a dynamic view of the organizational process, in which the worker, when discussing past standards and comparing his/her knowledge, experiences and values, modifies the environment, flows and conducts as needed, facing the lack of safety, conditions and solidity of the technical bases of work.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El estudio buscó comprender la organización del trabajo de profesionales de salud en el enfrentamiento de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la ciudad de Manaus, Brasil. Método: Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, del tipo estudio de caso, que adoptó el referencial teórico la ergología. La producción de los datos empleó análisis documental y entrevista semiestructurada con 33 trabajadores de salud de la Red de Atención a la Salud. Fueron utilizados los recursos del software Atlas.ti 8.0 para analizar los datos. Resultados: Los preceptos del análisis de Redes Temáticas revelaron las siguientes categorías: "Reordenamiento de servicios y funciones"; "Incorporación y gestión de la aplicación de instrumentos"; "Experiencias y tácticas profesionales: cambios de roles, actitudes y relaciones". Conclusión: Se constató que ellos expresan una visión dinámica del proceso organizacional, en la que el trabajador, al debatir normas del pasado y comparar sus conocimientos, experiencias y valores, cambia el ambiente, los flujos y las conductas de acuerdo a la necesidad, enfrentando la falta de seguridad, de condiciones y de solidez de las bases técnicas del trabajo.

RESUMO Objetivo: O estudo buscou compreender a organização do trabalho de profissionais de saúde no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 em Manaus. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, que adotou como referencial teórico a ergologia. A produção dos dados empregou análise documental e entrevista semiestruturada com 33 trabalhadores da saúde da Rede de Atenção à Saúde. Utilizaram-se os recursos do software Atlas.ti 8.0 para análise de dados. Resultados: Os preceitos da análise de Redes Temáticas revelaram as seguintes categorias: "Reordenamento de serviços e funções"; "Incorporação e gestão da aplicação de instrumentos"; "Experiências e táticas profissionais: mudanças de papeis, atitudes e relações". Conclusão: Constatou-se que eles expressam uma visão dinâmica do processo organizacional, em que o trabalhador, ao discutir normas do passado e comparar seus conhecimentos, experiências e valores, modifica o ambiente, os fluxos e as condutas conforme a necessidade, enfrentando a falta de segurança, de condições e de solidez das bases técnicas do trabalho.

Problemas éticos na experiência clínica hospitalar de estudantes e profissionais de enfermagem / Ethical problems in hospital clinical experiences of nursing students and professionals / Problemas éticos en la experiencia clínica hospitalaria de estudiantes y profesionales de enfermeira

Resumo Enquadramento: Os problemas éticos são frequentes na prática da enfermagem. Saber identificá-los, buscando soluções prudentes, é fundamental para promover um cuidado ético e seguro. Objetivo: Conhecer experiências e compreensão de estudantes e profissionais de enfermagem sobre problemas éticos e tomada de decisão nos contextos da prática da enfermagem hospitalar. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratório-descritiva realizada com 30 estudantes de graduação em enfermagem e 20 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil. Os dados foram recolhidos através de dois questionários contendo questões abertas e submetidos a análise textual discursiva. Resultados: Os estudantes compreendem o problema ético a partir de vivências concretas de desrespeito e afronta a princípios e regras, enquanto os profissionais o conceptualizam como um desafio ao julgamento nas complexas fronteiras entre certo e errado. Há similaridades e especificidades das vivências e tomada de decisão. Conclusão: Estudantes e profissionais demonstram sensibilidade moral para compreender os problemas éticos da prática; senso crítico e reflexivo é decisivo na identificação e nas condutas face aos conflitos éticos no ambiente laboral.

Abstract Background: Ethical problems often emerge in nursing practice. Knowing how to identify them and seeking prudent solutions is essential to promoting ethical and safe care. Objective: To know the experiences and understanding of nursing students and professionals regarding ethical issues and decision-making in hospital nursing practice. Methodology: Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research was carried out with thirty undergraduate nursing students and twenty nursing professionals from a University Hospital in Southern Brazil. Data were collected through two questionnaires containing open questions and submitted to Discursive Textual Analysis. Results: Students perceive the ethical problem based on concrete experiences of disrespect and insult to principles and rules. Professionals conceptualize it as a challenge to judgment in the complex boundaries between right and wrong. The experiences and decision-making share similarities and have their specificities. Conclusion: Students and professionals display moral sensitivity to understand the ethical problems of practice; critical awareness and reflection are crucial to identifying and responding to workplace ethical conflicts.

Resumen Marco contextual: Los problemas éticos son frecuentes en la práctica de la enfermería. Saber identificarlos, buscando soluciones prudentes, es esencial para promover una atención ética y segura. Objetivo: Conocer las experiencias y la comprensión de los estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería sobre los problemas éticos y la toma de decisiones en los contextos de la práctica enfermera hospitalaria. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, exploratoria-descriptiva, realizada con 30 estudiantes del grado de Enfermería y 20 profesionales de enfermería de un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. Los datos se recogieron mediante dos cuestionarios con preguntas abiertas y se sometieron a un análisis textual discursivo. Resultados: Los estudiantes entienden el problema ético a partir de experiencias concretas de falta de respeto y afrenta a los principios y normas, mientras que los profesionales lo conceptualizan como un desafío al juicio en los complejos límites entre lo correcto y lo incorrecto. Hay similitudes y especificidades en las experiencias y la toma de decisiones. Conclusión: Los estudiantes y profesionales demuestran sensibilidad moral para comprender los problemas éticos de la práctica; el sentido crítico y reflexivo es decisivo en la identificación y las conductas ante los conflictos éticos en el entorno laboral.

Technical-assistance arrangements in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic from the managers' perspective. / Arranjos tecnoassistenciais no enfrentamento da pandemia da COVID-19 na perspectiva de gestores.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the technical-assistance arrangements developed within the scope of work management in the COVID-19 pandemic care network, from the managers' perspective. METHOD: a qualitative research study, of the incorporated single case type, conducted with 23 managers of a Health Care Network. The analysis was applied in two thematic coding cycles, with the aid of the ATLAS.ti software. RESULTS: the arrangements were analyzed in categories related to health care; management; incorporation of technologies; implementation of a field hospital; and retrospective analysis of the experiences as a whole. There was emphasis on the implementation of care flows, virtual health bulletins, Telemonitoring, chatbots, use of applications, and implementation of field hospitals and of basic urgency services within the scope of the Basic Health Units. Hyperjudicialization in the system was identified; as well as weaknesses in information management, intersectoriality and technical-political leadership at the national level; the role of nurses in management positions and for coping with the pandemic. CONCLUSION: despite the health services' unpreparedness to face the pandemic, the actors' resilience promoted dynamism and technical-assistance arrangements in the context of management and humanized care. The study has a potential to contribute to the qualification of the public policy management and development practices.

Moral distress-associated sociodemographic and occupational aspects in nursing managers at federal university hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between sociodemographic and occupational characteristics and the predictors of Moral Distress in nursing managers of Federal University Hospitals. METHOD: Cross-sectional study carried out with 126 nurses. Data were collected online between September 2019 and May 2020 applying the Brazilian Scale of Moral Distress in Nurses. The variables were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate statistics to compare the instrument mean responses in relation to sociodemographic and occupational characteristics (hospital size, region, age, gender, training and experience variables, employment relationships, and workload). RESULTS: The highest levels of Moral Distress were experienced by nurses in large hospitals, with statistical significance among civil servants with job stability who have no management training, with less time of professional experience and with the highest weekly workload, with emphasis on predictive factors of "safe and qualified care", "work conditions" and "work team". CONCLUSION: Based on the above, it is understood that studies of this nature allow the generation of adaptive strategies to reduce the impacts of Moral Distress.

Moral distress and moral resilience of nurse managers.

BACKGROUND: Moral distress is a phenomenon that can lead to an imbalance of the mind and body. There are many coping strategies to overcome the obstacles that lead the subject to this condition. Some coping strategies are capable of being achieved through the cultivation of moral resilience. AIM: The aim is to identify the strategies of moral resilience in the nursing management of University Hospitals in Brazil. RESEARCH DESIGN: The research design is the qualitative study with discursive textual analysis. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: : 44 nurse managers and nurses in leadership positions participated in a total of 30 University Hospitals in Brazil. Data were collected online, using a questionnaire with open questions. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The Ethics Committee approved the study. Participants received information about the research, agreed to respond to the questionnaire, and were guaranteed anonymity. FINDINGS: Personal adaptive strategies (intrapersonal and interpersonal) and organizational collaborative strategies (intrinsic and transformational management) emerged from this process. The intrapersonal strategies involved elements of rationality, flexibility, rebalancing practices, moral courage, and detachment. The interpersonal strategies addressed support networks, team involvement, and dialog. Organizational strategies dealt with actions which reorient ethical infrastructure, ethical education, and psychological protection, as well as fostering dialogical relationships, empowerment, and cooperation. CONCLUSION: From the perspective of social historical construction, it is understood that developing personal and organizational strategies is essential to cultivating moral resilience.